The Theory Of Human Rights - 1582 Words

While the concept of human rights was not first developed during the Enlightenment period it made great advances during this time due to the change in thinking that took place. According to Kocchar online, â€Å"The thinkers of the Enlightenment believed that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, determine the natural rights of humankind, and thereby achieve continuous progress in human knowledge, technology, and society.† (Lesson I) This description of the change in thought is key to the development of human rights during the Enlightenment. However, the application of science based reasoning had both positive and negative consequences in this development. While there were positive changes such as the abolition of torture and slavery, reform of the penal code and an increasingly universalistic application of human rights there was also the rise of biological based exclusion theory and a rise in ethnic nationalism which were purported by â€Å"scienti fic† theories developed during this time period. First and foremost, prior to the Enlightenment period there were many laws governing how people should act towards one another. Going as far back as Egypt in 3100 BCE there was a code of conduct written by Menes, the first Pharaoh. Similarly, in the years that followed, there was the code of Hammurabi in ancient Babylon, the Judaic text of the Torah, and the Charter of Freedom of Mankind by the Persian Emperor Cyrus the Great. This document is considered to beShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Rights895 Words   |  4 Pageshundred and fifty years, human rights have been important, if not dominant, instruments in the quest for social justice among the classes. For much of this history, contestants have cited universal rights as marking their position on the field of struggle. It is equally important to notice that before the seventeenth century, social justice was more often than not contested in a language other than right s-talk. Many different voices have spoken on the theory of human rights and if they truly are aRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Rights1971 Words   |  8 PagesConcept of human rights Human rights are almost a form of religion in today s world. They are the great ethical yardstick that is used to measure a government s treatment of its people. A broad consensus has emerged in the twentieth century on rhetoric that frames judgment of nations against an international moral code prescribing certain benefits and treatment for all humans simply because they are human. Within many nations political debates rage over the denial or abuse of human rights. Even inRead MoreMoral Theories Of Human Rights1614 Words   |  7 PagesMaster of Human Rights Peace and Development What do you understand under the philosophy of human rights and the reality of moral theories? PROF G. MENELICK : PHR 500 Laurelle Mbaradza 160563 Date _______________________________11 February 2017 ABSTRACT The paper gives a roadmap on the foundations of human rights from the mediaeval to modern times. 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Both aspects champion the idea of human rights which emanateRead MoreUtilitarian Theory Human Rights1603 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarian Theory and Human Rights Utilitarianism can be defined as a moral theory by which the public welfare of a community is dependent on the â€Å"sum welfare of individuals, which is measured in units of pleasure and/or pain†, requiring governments to make decisions based on the â€Å"largest sum of pleasure† (Postema, 2006). However Bentham argued that every individual in the country tells for one, no individual for more than one, meaning that the weight of an individual’s happiness should alwaysRead MoreFeminist Theory And International Human Rights786 Words   |  4 Pagesof feminist theories and international human rights discourses as detailed in UN documents. The UN has advanced women’s rights by introducing a new human rights discourse, and by offering a place for interaction among women from different parts of the world. Women have used these opportunities from the UN to push several different feminist theoretical frameworks. The author examines the interaction of these var ious feminist. theories. She is drawing attention to the gap between theory and praxis.Read MoreEthics1435 Words   |  6 Pagesmatters of human conduct.While virtually all people are concerned with making ethical judgments and decisions, philosophers in particular are concerned to  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a) explicate the nature of such judgments in general  and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   b) provide criteria for determining what is ethically right or wrong, and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   c) analyze the grounds or reasons we have for holding them to be correct.Those concerned exclusively with telling us what is right or wrong, good or bad, in matters of human conductRead MoreThe Natural Law Theory Of Human Nature954 Words   |  4 PagesIt is our human nature that makes us feel great when we get a job and makes us feel horrible for something we steal something. This is because it feels natural for us to feel that w e did something right or wrong. 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What’s Wrong with Social Networking by Juno Parrenos

Social Network Sites Many people have different opinions about social network sites. Some think that social networking is fun and a great way socialize, however, no one really take the time to realize how bad it could be and/or get. Social network sites can negatively impact lives because it can be the cause of missing important life moments, the reason of students getting bad grades, and be very extremely dangerous for anyone. Sites on the Web can be Distracting Although sites are interesting, they can keep you away from being social. In the article, â€Å"What’s Wrong with Social Networking†, the author, Juno Parrenas, claims, â€Å"In the age of smart phone, we all find ourselves at the dinner tables with at least on anti-social person peering at their phone mid-conversation or grabbing their phones to take Instagram snapshots of every course of the meal†(1). It is very disturbing to know that some human beings do not take the time the time to sit and instead, get on their phone. Plenty of people miss valuable time that actually matters because of the distracting, network sites. Maureen Henderson, the author of the article â€Å"3 Reasons You Should Quit Social Media†, says, â€Å"189 million of Facebook users are ‘mobile only’, which means that people are constantly on their phone†(1). So not only does people waist valuable moments on the web, people ca n be messing up their lives by focusing on their phones, which they do bring everywhere. Henderson also states, â€Å"Almost a quarter

Combating Female Genital Mutation In Sudan Essay Example For Students

Combating Female Genital Mutation In Sudan Essay Combating Genital Mutilation in Sudan In the country of Sudan, in Northern Africa, there is a procedure that is tradition and is performed on most women called female genital mutilation, or FGM, which used to be known as female circumcision. It has been a normal practice for generations, but is now the subject for international controversy on the morality and safety of this procedure. It is now known that 82 percent of Sudanese woman have an extreme form of genital mutilation done on them, normally at a young age. This form of mutilation is called the Pharaonic form and includes the total removal of the clitoris and labia, and stitching together of the vulva, leaving only a small hole for urination and menstrual cycle. This is normally done without any type of anaesthetic or professional medical care. There is also a more moderate form of mutilation, called Sunni, where only the covering of the clitoris is removed. This practice started and became tradition in foreign countries in or der to ensure that women practice chaste behavior, and to suppress female sexuality. It has also been attributed to religious beliefs of monogamy although most religions do not support this type of practice. In todays society it has become more of a traditional and social norm, and has less to do with religious beliefs. This problem is not only in Sudan; it is practiced in the majority of the continent of Africa as well as other countries. In other cultures, such as Australian aborigines, genital mutilation is a part of the rite of passage into maturation, and is done on both men and women (Bodley, p. 58). FGM has often been referred to as female circumcision and compared to male circumcision. However, such comparison is often misleading. Both practices include the removal of well- functioning parts of the genitalia and are quite unnecessary. However, FGM is far more drastic and damaging than male circumcision because it is extremely dangerous and painful. It is believed that two th irds of these procedures are done by untrained birth attendants, who have little knowledge of health. They are often unconcerned with hygiene, and many use instruments that are not cleaned or disinfected properly. Instruments such as razor blades, scissors, kitchen knives, and pieces of glass are commonly used. These instruments are frequently used on several girls in succession and are rarely cleaned, causing the transmission of a variety of viruses such as the HIV virus, and other infections. There are many side effects of this procedure including trauma, stress or shock from the extreme pain; and bleeding, hemorrhaging and infections that can be fatal from improperly cleaned instruments. There can also be painful and difficult sexual relations and obstructed childbirth. The effects of this one procedure can last a lifetime, both physically and pyschologically. Today, 85 to 114 million girls and women in more than 30 countries have been subjected to some form of genital mutilation . It was declared illegal in Sudan in 1941, although that did little to stop this age-old tradition. To this day, about 90% of women are still being subjected to the mutilation, especially if it is a family tradition. In various cultures there are many justifications for these practices. Many older women feel that if they have an uncircumcised daughter, she will not be able to find a husband and will become a social outcast. Family honor, cleanliness, protection against spells, insurance of virginity and faithfulness to the husband, or simply terrorizing women out of sex are sometimes used as excuses for the practice of FGM. Examples similar to this are found in other cultures, such as the Maasai, an African cattle peoples tribe. A clitoridectomy is performed on adolescent girls in this tribe as part of their rite of passage, and signifies that they are ready for marriage. This practice is openly accepted by these women as another ritual and a normal precondition of marriage (Bodley , p. 121). The efforts to stop procedures of this kind are mounting though, especially with the help of women ages 16 to 30 who realize the dangers of this practice. These women can help to save their daughters and many other women from this if they are educated of the dangers. It ends up damaging their health, as well as their socio-economic lives; which is why it needs to be put to a stop. It is also unnecessary in todays society. These women have joined together to create the Sudan National Committee on Harmful Traditional Practices, and are now working to eliminate it completely. They have also joined together with government support and are a part of the National Plan of Action for the Survival, Protection and Development of Sudanese Children, where they work to educate people of the dangers of this procedure. In the United States and other Western countries, both female and male circumcision is practiced, although male circumcision is much more common. Female mutilation is sti ll an issue in Western countries though, and needs to be dealt with. These countries commonly used FGM as a means to deal with unruly, insane or temperamental women earlier in this century. Routine circumcision as a preventative or cure for masturbation was also proposed in Victorian times in America. In females, it was once thought that the application of pure carbolic acid to the clitoris an excellent means of allaying the abnormal excitement. The procedure of circumcisions, on both men and women, became commonplace between 1870 and 1920, and it consequently spread to all the English-speaking countries such as England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. As a form of social control it fell out of fashion some time in the 1930s or 1940s. However, it has continued to the present in some form or another. In the United States alone it is estimated that about ten thousand girls are at risk of this practice in todays society. A bill was recently presented to the U.S. government in 1994 p rohibiting female genital mutilation to be performed, unless done for a medical reason by a trained professional. Although we are fighting for preventative measures, this surgery is still routinely performed on women in the United States. Some doctors believe and act upon the idea that excision does not prevent sexual pleasure but enhances it. FGM is also entering the United States with some immigrants who are holding on to their customs and identity. On the United States level, and in other places around the world, there are finally numerous efforts being made in order to abolish this practice both locally and internationally. Many laws have been passed over the last decade, in the United States and other Western countries, prohibiting any kind of mutilation on young girls, other than for medical purposes. In the future, leaders are hoping to enforce these rules in other smaller countries, where the government can do little to stop these unlawful acts, especially in Tribal peoples and other communities were laws are not strictly enforced. .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .postImageUrl , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:hover , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:visited , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:active { border:0!important; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:active , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b 3d00a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Research Report About Culinary Arts Essay

The New Science by Vico

Introduction The book ‘The New Science by Vico gives a view of the human nature and what is associated with humans; on the other hand, Carlo Collodi’s analysis of Pinnochio expresses his definition of what is considered to be animal. These two authors clearly express their views concerning the various perceptions on this subject; this paper will clearly outline the definition of these two authors on the animal and human perceptions and the relationship between the opinions that they express.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The New Science by Vico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vico’s definition of what is human In the publication entitled New Science by Giambattista Vico, the definition of the human nature is given in a new light in the perspective of the historical happenings. This story was published in 1744 but the views expressed clearly affect the nature of the human race and reasoning even up to date. Vico draws on the wisdom expressed by the various poets of the ancient times to express the nature of the human beings; he compares the views that have been expressed by the poets as well as the philosophers regarding the human beings and wisdom all in relation to the human nature. There are various explanations on the perceptions of the wisdom and the intellect of the human mind, Vico outlines how the nature of humankind is expressed by one of the greatest philosophers Aristotle; he says that a human mind can only get a clear understanding of a concept or any other form of expression only after the human senses have been able to perceive what is under consideration (Vico, 136). Humans cannot be in any way separated from the concept of wisdom because ultimately, it is wisdom that creates perfection for the human beings. In discussing wisdom, Vico clearly outlines that the issue of the existence of God cannot be overlooked and therefore since Theology is the foundati on of the nature of God, the theological perspectives have to be considered to be able to understand the true nature of human being minds. The genesis of humans is noted from way back to the ancient biblical times of the sons of Noah; he defines how this experience led to the dispersion of the human beings. Vico further outlines how the life in the forests and the subsequent human dispersion led to the trends in human life and how it defines the nature of some of the subsequent races even up to date. The nature of the existence of some of the present races such as the Latin, the Romans and the Aborigines is outlined in this aspect (Vico, 141). The other aspect that is used to express the nature of the human race is the issue of the poetic metaphysics and how this influenced the issue and practice of poetry and the role that it plays in religion. In this aspect it is clear that the position of the author is that religion plays an important role in defining the human race.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Carlo Collodi: Pinocchio’s definition of what is Animal In this book, the author gives his perception on animals as well as expressed in the form of an animated marionette that is named and the father who is a woodcarver. This publication was done between the years 1881 and 1883 and although it is classified as children’s literature, it gives a general feeling of the definition of animals. Although this story is animated by giving life to inanimate things, it also includes other expressions such as boys who are shown to turn into donkeys as well as other fairy tale devices. The origin of the story begins with a woodcarver who intends to use a piece of wood but this piece surprises him by speaking to him and therefore emerging as an object with life. The Author explains how master Cherry is astonished by this development and ultimately he sells the piec e of wood to his neighbor, Geppetto who uses it to build a marionette (Collodi, 5). Geppetto carves the puppet and teaches him how to walk and this emerges as the beginning of a long history whereby the marionette is portrayed to be a live animal and it influences very many decisions and circumstances in the neighborhood. In the fox and the cat, the author outlines how the marionette, Pinnochio is deceived by a fox and a cat and he believes their story that he can plant coins in the Field of Miracles that was located outside Catchfools and that would grow into plants that would produce gold coins. In all this, the Author is able to portray the cunning nature of the animals and how they are able to deceive the marionette who in these circumstances could be a representation of the human beings (Collodi, 67). The relationship between the perception on human beings and that on animals Although the authors express different perceptions as pertains to the human race and the animals, there is a common understanding on the relationship between the two. Human beings are perceived as having varying nature of wisdom and the animals are portrayed to be of a cunning nature; ultimately the level of wisdom of the human beings is seen as being the determining factor in the kind of lives that they lead. On the other hand animals are shown as having the ability to cause deception to human beings with a low level of intelligence and thus reduced wisdom. Works Cited Collodi, Carlo. The adventures of Pinocchio. Creative Editions. 2005. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The New Science by Vico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vico, Giambattista. New Science: Principles of the New Science Concerning the Common Nature of Nations. 3rd ed. Translated by David Marsh. London and New York: Penguin Books. Print. This essay on The New Science by Vico was written and submitted by user Scarlet Heath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.